Joel Reyes Muñoz was 38 when he died in the custody of the US Border Patrol (USBP) after falling off the 30-foot border wall that separates San Diego from Tijuana at Otay Mesa. His family is now suing the Federal Government for wrongful death.
This week, the same US-Mexico border Reyes Muñoz tried to cross has been deemed the deadliest land migration route in the world by the International Organization for Migration (IOM). This fact can be tied back to the building of the taller border wall.
“There’s a direct correlation to the increase of the border wall to 30 feet” American Friends Service Committee US-Mexico Border Program’s director Pedro Ríos said of the increase in mortality at the US-Mexico border.
Just a few Miles east of the Otay Mesa site where Reyes Muñoz fell to his death, then President Trump visited the eight border wall prototypes in March 2018.
The models were all different: some reinforced concrete, others steel, or a mix of materials. What they had in common was a height of 30 feet, and an ominous prison-like feeling.
Photo Credit: Dan Watman
“When we put up the real wall, we’ll stop 99 percent [of migrants], maybe more than that,” Trump said at the press conference following his visit.
By 2019 the 30-foot prototype barrier was installed in parts of San Diego County, substituting the existing 8-to-18-foot fence.
But migration didn’t stop as Trump promised, as fiscal year 2022 saw a record number of migrant encounters at the US-Mexico border. Instead, what followed was a soaring number of injuries and deaths at this new 30-foot border wall. UC San Diego (UCSD) neurological surgery resident Alexander Tenorio started noticing an increase in patients transported from the border with serious spinal and brain injuries.
“My parents migrated from Mexico, they crossed the same San Ysidro border before the [30-foot] border wall was constructed,” Tenorio said. “I knew these patients were not coming for trivial circumstances, they were escaping violence as my father did. That’s why [I’m] passionate about what’s going on.”
Courtesy of Wikipedia
Tenorio and his colleagues at UCSD published a study in 2022 that found a fivefold increase in the number of falls admitted to their hospital from the period before 2019—when the taller border wall construction was finished—compared to the period before that.
“These injuries in the brain often require high in-depth trauma, so it correlates with the border wall being 30 feet as you could imagine,” Tenorio said. “It’s different when you are falling from 30 feet compared to 18 feet.”
Before Trump’s wall was installed, there were zero recorded trauma deaths from falling off the border wall in San Diego and Imperial counties. In 2021, 16 people died, the study found. And those are only deaths known to UCSD.
According to Tenorio, this is a very small percentage of the real number. “These are patients that suffer severe trauma, that border patrol finds them, and brings them [to UCSD hospital], or find their way here, so it doesn’t capture patients who were never found or or were not transported to our hospital.”
A Customs and Border Patrol (CBP) spokesperson said that they have not identified a “notable” increase in accidents while falling off the taller, 30-foot border fence in the San Diego area. “USBP tracks all injuries that occur to subjects that we encounter.”
“People who are not able to cross through the border wall, then are crossing through areas where walls have not been placed yet,” Ríos said. “That means crossing through extreme temperatures, through the desert, or extreme terrain around the mountains and other wilderness areas, and that increases the mortality rate of migrants who are attempting to enter the US.”
Of the 686 migrants who died or disappeared attempting to cross the US-Mexico border in 2022, 213 drowned, 142 were in a vehicle crash, 129 fell victim to extreme environmental conditions, 8 lacked adequate medical attention, 21 were accidental and 154 unknown causes, according to IOM.
One of them was Reyes Muñoz, who tried to cross the border for the third time on January 12th, 2022, and according to the a wrongful death lawsuit filed on behalf of his widow and children, USBP agents “arrested decedent, held him in custody, witnessed his injuries and medical condition, and negligently and with deliberate indifference failed to render or summon medical assistance.”
“[The agent´s] delayed efforts at CPR and resuscitation were untimely and negligently performed. This needless and callous delay caused Mr. Reyes’ death,” reads the lawsuit.
For Ríos, the tragic story of how Reyes Muñoz’s life ended reflects the story of many others who come to the US with dreams of supporting their families, or escaping danger back home.
“What they are not realizing in their attempts to enter the US is that they are entering extremely dangerous areas, and that there are features of the militarization of the border that could end their lives,” Ríos added.
María José Durán is a bilingual, Emmy and Golden Mike award-winning journalist with two decades of experience across two continents and three countries. She’s interested in all things motherhood, border life, intersectional feminism, and lifestyle.
Divorce, adjusting to single motherhood or coparenting, and the unexpected adjustments that come with it can turn even the most put-together woman’s life upside down. For many, these shifts trigger a profound loss of identity as that chapter of life officially comes to an end.
While Elena Barbour was navigating a divorce and raising two young children, other women in her circle shared similar experiences—one, a high-powered attorney, said divorce was the hardest thing she’d ever gone through. Barbour realized that women like them who’d gone through divorce, separation, or trauma needed support, but unless they qualified for low-income assistance or could pay top dollar for private services, there weren’t a lot of options. That led to the creation of the Luma Initiative, a nonprofit organization that aims to connect women with the practical resources needed to rebuild after a major life transition. The organization is currently developing its programming and plans to open to its first (already full) three-month cohort of women this fall.
“I consider myself a very strong, competent woman, but what I went through shook me,” Barbour says. “[There were] all these things that I did not expect, and that a lot of people looking from the outside couldn’t see necessarily. It was hard to relate. And I found that after coming out of this divorce, I needed to reshift my community a little bit because the challenges and the life stage of where I was compared to where they were now was just so different—even though I was surrounded by people, I felt very alone.
Courtesy of Luma Initiative
“So [we’re] trying to create that sense of community in this place for women to be like, ‘All these women are going through something similar and when I talk with them, I don’t feel so alone and I can let go of some of the negative feelings I’m feeling, and I can […] start to rebuild.’”
Luma Initiative’s program will include licensed therapist-guided support groups, and support via financial literacy advisors, life coaches who specialize in career building, and family law attorneys, plus therapeutic yoga at sister business Luma Yoga. They’ll also work with other nonprofit organizations as needed to create a “one-stop, well-rounded, holistic approach to supporting women who are going through this really big transition of life,” Barbour explains.
Barbour says Luma Yoga Studio in Little Italy will serve as Luma Initiative’s physical base, transforming into a familiar community-centered home away from home where women can feel safe. She leaned into yoga and the breathwork, meditation, and mindfulness that often come with the practice to get through tough times, and carries those tools with her “off the mat.” She hopes that other women will find that same sense of nervous system regulation. She emphasizes that Luma Initiative and Luma Yoga work as an ecosystem that provides both wellness and tangible support.
“The goal with Luma Initiative will be to help these women come back to themselves and their identity through community, and use community as a platform to rebuild,” she says.
Sarah Sapeda is San Diego Magazine’s Custom Content Editor. In her 15 years in San Diego journalism, she has covered charitable events, health care, education, crime, current events, and more.
How the Junior League of San Diego Is Helping Local Families in Need
Volunteer Meredith Wood shares how the organization distributes diapers, period products, and other essentials while building community across San Diego
Just shy of 100 years ago, a group of determined women came together to improve the community and help their fellow San Diegans. They formed the Junior League of San Diego, a local chapter of the nationwide cohort of women with a mission to create meaningful community impact through volunteer action, collaboration, and training.
Today, the Junior League of San Diego is one of 291 Junior Leagues in the U.S., Canada, Mexico, and Great Britain. Locally, the league works to collect essential items, such as period products, diapers, clothing, food, and school supplies to distribute to underserved communities, and pitching in to help other nonprofits fighting food insecurity.
Volunteer Meredith Wood has spent the last two years on the donations committee. Here, she details her experience.
How did you first get involved with the Junior League of San Diego?
I first joined the Junior League in 2024, after I moved to San Diego from the East Coast. I wanted to meet people, specifically more women, and get involved in the community. In my first year in the Junior League, I was placed on the donations committee. That was my first glimpse into the work, specifically with donations. After a year of doing that, I applied to be the chair, so I did that this past year. It was an awesome experience.
What do your volunteer duties entail?
So last year as the chair, I led a team that organized our donation drives, so that includes marketing the drives, managing the inventory, and then coordinating with community partners to distribute the donations.
What do you like best about volunteering at the Junior League of San Diego?
I love working with other women in the league. Everyone is so enthusiastic and brings such bright ideas to the table. Everyone I’ve worked with is so passionate and committed to bettering the community and doing what they can, and they have fun while doing it, which I think is so important because it makes it sustainable.
What’s the biggest challenge you’ve faced?
So far, the biggest challenge as the donations chair has been seeing the huge need for specifically diapers and menstrual products in the community (JLSD operates a Diaper Bank & Period Pantry). It seems like no amount of supply we’ve ever had has been able to meet the demand, which can be a little disheartening at times. But to that, I try to remember that any difference that we make is valued and important. That’s what motivates me to keep going.
Courtesy of Junior League of San Diego
Can you describe your favorite or most memorable experience while volunteering?
That’s a tough one because every time I volunteer at the Junior League, it genuinely is such a fun time. I always really enjoy going to PATH and prepping and serving meals there. The staff and residents are all so awesome, and it’s always a really fun experience to cook with Junior League friends and serve that way.
Then another memorable one was when SNAP funding was on pause back in the fall this year. We mobilized pretty quickly within two weeks and got all our donations out the door, and were handing them out alongside a food pantry in San Diego. That was a really special moment to just connect with the community, see directly where donations were going, and ask people what they needed. We learned that some of the supply that we had didn’t align with the demand, so it was a really big learning experience, too.
Any advice for someone considering volunteering as a way to give back?
Sometimes I’ve struggled, wondering if my efforts have been enough, and I’m sure there’s someone else out there, too, who’s wondering the same thing. But there’s no effort that’s too small, and people really just appreciate anything you can do to better the community. So, find something that you care about and then figure out how you can add value to it. Bonus if you can invite a friend to join you and just make it that much more fun.
The Junior League has given so much to me in the two years that I’ve been a part of it. For starters, the learning experience of how do I even manage a committee and raise donations and get them out into the community has just been such a great opportunity. I highly recommend any woman who wants to get involved in San Diego to join the league. And if that’s not your cup of tea, we’re always taking donations, specifically menstrual products and diapers. We take them all year at 210 Maple St. in San Diego and try to get them out every couple weeks. We have Amazon links on our website as well.
Sarah Sapeda is San Diego Magazine’s Custom Content Editor. In her 15 years in San Diego journalism, she has covered charitable events, health care, education, crime, current events, and more.
Enjoy tastings from more than 20 wineries and gourmet bites at the University of San Diego Wine Classic. The all-inclusive annual event benefits USD’s Alumni Endowed Scholarship Fund, and to date has raised more than $1 million.
July 18: The Pride 5K Run & Walk
Around 1,700 runners and walkers will hit the streets of Hillcrest for the The Pride 5K Run & Walk, before the Pride Parade. The long-running community favorite is a highlight of Pride Week and raises money for San Diego Pride and the LGBT Center’s Youth Housing Project.
July 20: Brendan Nordholm Make-a-Wish Golf Classic
The 37th annual Brendan Nordholm Make-A-Wish Golf Classic will tee off at The Crosby National Golf Club at Rancho Santa Fe Golf Club. The 18-hole tournament, followed by a reception, will help the organization grant wishes for local families.
July 23: Foundation for Developmental Disabilities Christmas in July
Help the Foundation for Developmental Disabilities celebrate its 40th year at its Christmas in July fundraiser at Koi Zen Cellars. The festive evening marks the start of FDD’s annual Season of Sharing and guests are encouraged to bring a new, unwrapped toy to donate.
Operation For HOPE Foundation’s ninth annual Caring, Sharing & Champagning Fundraiser will kick off with a charity shopping spree for household essentials for survivors of domestic violence and their children. Guests will then be treated to champagne, espresso martinis, and light bites at a private residence in Rancho Santa Fe.
July 25: The Doan Foundation’s Fourth Annual Gala Fundraiser
The Doan Foundation will host a formal fundraising dinner to benefit underserved youth and emerging creatives. The organization’s fourth annual Gala Fundraiser will feature a live performance by R&B artist Amanda Perez, other performances, scholarship awards, and inspiring stories.
Sarah Sapeda is San Diego Magazine’s Custom Content Editor. In her 15 years in San Diego journalism, she has covered charitable events, health care, education, crime, current events, and more.
Finding a gift that feels truly personal can be surprisingly difficult. In a sea of generic options — flowers, gift cards, candles, and the like — Xplosion Box offers something more lasting: a customized keepsake built around the photos, messages, and memories that matter most.
Founded by Southern California entrepreneur Jay Vijay, Xplosion Box LLC creates fully customized explosion gift boxes that arrive professionally designed, printed, assembled, and ready to gift. Each box opens layer by layer to reveal personal photos, heartfelt messages, pull-out albums, origami-style photo pockets, and hidden notes, turning a simple gift into an emotional reveal.
The brand was built for people who want to give something meaningful without spending hours printing photos, cutting paper, folding cardstock, or assembling a DIY project. Customers simply choose a box, upload their favorite photos, add personal messages, and the Xplosion Box team transforms those details into a polished keepsake that feels thoughtful, personal, and beautifully made.
Xplosion Box offers personalized gift boxes for birthdays, anniversaries, weddings, graduations, Mother’s Day, Father’s Day, Valentine’s Day, Christmas, proposals, bridesmaid gifts, long-distance relationships, and thoughtful “just because” moments.
Customers can choose from flexible customization options starting at $27. The Mini Surprise Box includes 10 photos, three message cards, and one hidden secret note, while the Mega Surprise Box offers a fuller keepsake experience with 40 photos, three message cards, and one hidden secret note.
What sets Xplosion Box apart is its high level of customization combined with convenience. Filled with personal photos, custom text, decorative details, and layered surprises, each box gives customers the freedom to create a gift that feels one-of-a-kind — without having to make it themselves.
At its core, Xplosion Box helps people turn favorite photos, stories, and words into something tangible: a keepsake that can be opened, revisited, and remembered long after the occasion has passed. asion has passed.
International Network of Hearts celebrated 15 years of helping survivors of human trafficking in the U.S. and Mexico recover and reintegrate at its “An Evening of Courage and Change” gala on June 6. During the formal event at the Sunset View Room overlooking Mission Bay, the organization received a proclamation from Mayor Todd Gloria’s office deeming June 6 as International Network of Hearts Day. Proceeds from the gala will support International Network of Hearts’ mission to rescue, restore, and reintegrate survivors via its Casa del Jardín care centers.
Sarah Sapeda is San Diego Magazine’s Custom Content Editor. In her 15 years in San Diego journalism, she has covered charitable events, health care, education, crime, current events, and more.
Walking into a room full of strangers isn’t high on the fun index for most. It’s inherently awkward: Everyone’s standing in closed-loop clusters, deep in conversation, and, depending on your social aptitude, the feeling is somewhere between light apprehension and burning alive from the inside out. The pull to retreat or reflexively look busy on your phone is stronger than the drink you now deeply crave. Having friends is nice, but making friends can be brutal.
There’s plenty of commentary on the loneliness epidemic. Last year, the American Psychiatric Association reported that one in three adults feel lonely at least once a week; those aged 18 to 34 are more likely to feel isolated and even more likely to turn to social media as a result. Dr. Vivek Murthy’s “My Parting Prescription for America” cautioned that “being socially disconnected increases our risk of heart disease, dementia, depression, anxiety, and premature death.” So it’s not just an emotional need; it’s nearly nutritional—chit-chat and the occasional wine-fueled, emotional deep-dive are just as important as Pilates and a reasonable amount of kale.
Finding social connections in any city is hard, but San Diego has very specific challenges. This is largely a transient population that acts as a temporary hotspot for many and a permanent home for few. Pick your reason: high rent, surreal gas prices, housing shortage, meh job opportunities (ranked 71st in the country in 2025), or the fact that active military is a sizable chunk of us (110,000-ish)—stationed here for a stretch, then gone. This constant flow of departees sucks out the potential for deeply established families and friend groups, leaving a good share of nomads, searchers, and plenty of people feeling socially awkward.
“There’s an underlying loneliness in all of us,” says Ramel Wallace, the host of monthly meetup CreativeMornings. “There are not a lot of San Diegans who are born and raised here, so [even those] San Diegans end up being just as lonely as the person who just got here.”
Photo Credit: Blair Kirby
Every month, in local libraries, breweries, and small businesses, there are ambitious social architects who have made a career out of undoing social sads. Extroverted champions of the awkward and searching, they’ve struck gold on in-person connection.
The first moments in a social situation are crucial. Sets the tone and cools the nerves.
At Pitch-A-Friend, singles recruit their close friends to present a slideshow of their dating green flags. The entry points for connection at Pitch-A-Friend are simple, old tech: stickers. Each colored sticker indicates if the wearer is single or taken, queer or straight, or practicing ethical non-monogamy (in a partnership but open to others under a mutual understanding).
At the helm of each showcase is Arielle Fuller, aka Chief Wingwoman, who is making dating hopeful again. As Fuller explains, this takes some of the fear of rejection out of a first interaction. “Putting a sticker on immediately means, ‘I wanted to leave my house and talk to someone, and I am a safe space to come and speak to me,’” she says.
Of course, not all of San Diego’s events designed to make connections are romantic. On the last Friday of every month, hundreds gather at San Diego Central Library for the local chapter of CreativeMornings—an org formed to unite creatives in various cities across the world (designers, artists, writers, producers, performers, architects, etc.).
Photo Credit: Gina Ribando
These aren’t your standard business card swaps, though. Coming from a hip-hop background, host Wallace uses call-and-response to break the fourth wall. “This is not my stage at all, this is our stage,” he says.
In your standard lecture-based meetup, the crowd silently faces the host and acknowledges nobody except those they came with. At CreativeMornings, everyone is encouraged to look around, pay attention to the strangers in the audience—not just the host. Wallace will pull volunteers to read the CM manifesto aloud, and he passes the mic to creatives, who make 30-second pitches to the community about projects they’re working on—and there’s always an invitation to connect and collaborate with the presenters whose ideas struck a chord.
The U.S. Chamber of Connection (yes it exists) says people experience life transitions nearly every year, and in these stretches are more open to forming new habits, relationships, and communities. In a revolving-door city like ours, the transition often comes when someone moves away. In 2023, the Census Bureau reported San Diego had the ninth-highest rates of domestic out-migration in the US.
This poses an issue for friendships that IRL SD addresses in monthly friend-making events called 619 Night.
“San Diego isn’t a place a lot of people stay forever,” says Alex Hunter, the creator of IRL SD. “They leave, and people [who stay] lose that community, so they’re hungry for community again.”
Their website describes the vibe as “backyard party meets college fair meets networking event meets happy hour.” Each follows a theme—wellness, sports, refresh and reset, etc.—with related community groups joining as well.
“The people I encounter are trying to get a fresh start in some capacity, so they’re more open, receptive, and ready to meet new friends,” Hunter says. “They need the circle.”
Photo Credit: Elysian Visions by Deaune Boyd LLC
Another way adults can break out of this disconnection is to revert in unison, says artist Elisa Summiel-Bey. The 2015-ish adult coloring book moment in the US was based on some real science, with multiple studies finding coloring has a noticeable meditative and stress-release effect by taking the brain away from anxieties and mental inventories, and focusing it on a simple, easy art. Summiel-Bey’s company Illustrated Melanin throws “Color & Chill” events, turning that trend into a group exercise, along with live DJ sets, wellness experts doing sound baths, and food and drink from BIPOC-owned local businesses. “I tend to think of coloring as your way to tap back into your childlike play,” she says. “As adults, I think we’re almost scared to let loose and have that unabashed joy.”
All of these social meetups attract crowds of likeminded connection-seekers, but high attendance is not the only thing that matters. Metrics nuts can track RSVPs, but spreadsheets can’t capture intangible wins: friendships made, innovative ideas sparked, collaborations kicked off. At CreativeMornings, Wallace redefines ROI as Return On Imagination. Resounding success means thoughtful inquiries over coffee, curiosity about the monthly meeting themes, and requests to take the microphone.
A simple, observable ROI is an increased number of window shoppers to the experience—on the periphery, watching from afar, looking for the right way in. Hunter from IRL SD sees the anxiety in her DMs. “The scariest part for you right now is not meeting new friends: It’s the unknown,” she says. “It’s the gap between ‘I’m here’ and ‘That’s where I need to be.’ If I can help you understand, or get a little bit of a shape around that unknown, it’s much more approachable.”
Courtesy of IRL SD
Being able to bridge that gap, however, depends on your ability to step out of your own mind. “It’s not a connection crisis; it’s a courage and confidence crisis,” says Fuller. The first hello could be as easy as, “Hey, cool shirt.” These are the types of things she includes in her confidence lab reels on Instagram and weekly newsletters.
Ever left a social event and shot straight into a spiral? Was I being weird? Why did I tell that story? I hope that person moves to another state very soon.
The experts say that post-event self-interrogation is a standard-issue part of being alive.
“I love awkward people, and I love being awkward myself,” says Wallace. “It’s humbling to experience: ‘I’m not alone. Finally someone is not put together.’ So give yourself that grace.”
Jeannine Boisse (she/her) is a freelance writer and professional creative with a background in Radio & Television. Based in sunny San Diego, Jeannine spends her time exploring the city's vibrant brewery scene, cooking up new recipes in the kitchen, and connecting with new people.
You’ve Tracked Your Macros, Your Sleep, Your Steps. What About Your Drinking?
The Unconscious Moderation app is helping health-conscious professionals take an honest look at their drinking, without pressure, and without quitting as the only option.
San Diego runs on optimization. Early mornings, clean eating, training logs, sleep scores. The people here take their health seriously and the results usually show. Most of them also have two drinks most nights, not because anything is wrong, but because the day was long and the glass is right there and it has always been right there.
That routine doesn’t get the same scrutiny as the rest of the stack. It doesn’t feel like something to examine. It feels like a reward.
Which is exactly what your brain has decided it is. When something reliably moves you from one state to another, your brain files it under things to repeat. Do it consistently enough and the cue stops requiring a decision. It’s 6pm, the laptop is closed, and some part of your brain has already placed the order.
Most habit-change tools work on the number. They count drinks, set weekly targets, send check-in texts. That’s useful for seeing what the pattern looks like. It doesn’t tell you where the pattern came from, or change it at that level.
Unconscious Moderation works underneath the habit. The app uses guided hypnotherapy sessions, structured journaling, and daily movement to address the subconscious associations that make reaching for a drink feel like the obvious next thing. The journaling isn’t a diary. It’s built to surface what your brain is actually reaching for, so you can meet that need directly rather than through a substitute.
The program runs 90 days. At day 30, you choose your own direction: cut back, drink more intentionally, or stop altogether. The app treats both as equally valid outcomes. The point isn’t to follow a rule you set on a Sunday. It’s to understand the pattern well enough that whichever path you choose, you’re choosing it clearly.
The people who tend to get the most out of it are not in crisis. They’re the ones who have tried tracking apps and found the count drifting back up regardless. They know exactly how much they drink and why. The awareness just hasn’t moved the habit. At some point, the work needs to happen somewhere the count sheet can’t reach.
San Diego’s wellness culture already knows that surface numbers tell only part of the story. What you eat matters, but so does why. How much you sleep matters, but so does the quality. The same logic applies here.
